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History of Music Education 

World Events

Music Events

600   BCE

ca. 500-400 BCE

Golden Age of Athens

ca. 580-500 BCE

Pythagoras discovers intervals

ca. 450-325 BCE

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle write out music and music education

ca. 364-304 BCE

Arisotexenus advocates ear training

ca. 323 BCE

Peak of Alexander the Great's Empire 

0       CE

ca. 200 BCE

Roman Conquest begins

ca. 6 BCE - 30 CE

Jesus Christ

ca. 900 BCE

Greek civilization emerges: music contests and festivals

476

Roman Empire collapses

800  

800

Early plainchant codified

800

Charlemagne crowned emperor

936

Otto I established Holy Roman Empire

ca. 991-1050

Guido d'Arezzo developed solfege system

1095

First Crusade

ca. 878-942

St. Odo of Cluny used letters to represent musical pitches A-G

ca. 475-525

Boethius wrote De Institutione Musica

ca. 95

Quintilian writes of early music in Institutio Oratoria

354-430

St. Augustine writes of music and education in De Magisero 

and Confessions

1200

ca. 1260

Mensural notation emerges

1215

Magna Carta

1337-1453

Hundred Years' War 

1348-1350

Black Death strikes Europe

1378-1417

The Great Schism

1492

Christopher Columbus voyages to the New World

1501

Petrucci publishes first movable type music book

1500

1564

First permanent European settlement in New World (St. Augustine, FL)

1517

Martin Luther's 95 Theses 

1538

Martin Luther's preface to Symphoniae incundae 

1607

Jamestown, VA first permanent English settlement established

1534

Henry VIII breaks with Rome to form the Church of England

1521

Cortez conquers Mexico 

1592-1670

Comenius writes the Great Didactic

1618-1648

Thirty Years' War

1600

1612

Henry Ainsworth writes Book of Psalms brought by Pilgrims to the US

1521

Pedro de Gante uses music to convert natives to Catholicism

1540

Juan de Padilla uses music to convert natives to Catholicism

1540

Coronado conquers New Mexico

1620

Pilgrims establish Plymouth Colony, MA

1698

Bay Psalm Book was the first music printed in the colonies

1721

Rev. John Tufts wrote An Introduction to The Singing Psalm Tunes and established singing schools and fasola singing 

1701-1713

War of Spanish Succession

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1700

1746-1827

Johann Pestalozzi writes about the purpose of education to elevate the moral, physical, and mental faculties

1740-1748

War of Austrian Succession; Frederick II rules Prussia

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1635-1636

Boston Latin School established; Harvard established

1754-1763

French and Indian War

Seven Years' War (1756)

1762

Rousseau writes Emile

1775-1781

American Revolution; Declaration of Independence (1776)

1787

Northwest Ordinance

1778

William Billings writes Rules for Regulating a Singing School

1792-1872

Lowell Mason "Father of Singing" in the US; first Superintendent of Music; authored Manual of Instruction based on Pestalozzi (1834)

1812

Michael Traugott Pfeiffer and Hans Georg Nägeli applied Pestalozzian principles to music

1837

Boston School Committee Report (aka Magna Charta of Music Education) establishes vocal music in Boston public schools

1800

1833

Boston Academy of Music established by Lowell Mason and George Webb

1789

US Constitution

French Revolution

1804

Napoleon becomes Emperor of France

1830

William Woodbridge and Elam Ives Jr. brought Pestalozzian principles of music to the US

1642-1648

MA Bay School Laws and the Old Deluder Satan Act

1663-1728

Cotton Mather organized African American singing schools (1674); wrote The Accomplished Singer (1721)

ca. 1684-1693

John Locke wrote Some Thoughts on Education

1844

Horace Mann report Vocal Music in Schools

1861-1865

American Civil War

1859

Darwin writes On the Origin of Species

1791

Bill of Rights

1812-1815

War of 1812

1837

Friedrich Froebel established the first kindergarten; wrote The Education of Man (1908)

1897

John Dewey wrote The Aesthetic Element in Education

1865-1950

Émile Jaques-Dalcroze created eurhythmics method of music instruction

1884

Julia Etta Crane opens Potsdam Musical Institute for music supervisors

1882-1967

Zoltan Kodály created music curriculum based on literacy

1898

Spanish-American War

1873

Panic of 1873 economic depression 

1875

Civil Rights Act

1857

National Teachers Association (NEA) established

ca. 1860

First graded music series developed

1900

1896

Earliest grammar school orchestra at Nathan Hale School (CT)

1880-1920

Great Immigration

1862-1888

Theodore Thomas Orchestra tours the US

1855

Gilmore held the first Promenade Concert in the US 

1847

Benjamin family offers violin classes and private lessons; Benjamin Brothers Musical Academy (1880)

1898

Murdock Company offers violin classes in Maidstone

1903-1904

Ivan Pavlov classical conditioning

1908

Model T Ford invented

1914-1918

World War I

1917

Russian Revolution

1919

Treaty of Versailles

1929

Great Depression;

Jean Piaget published The Child's Conception of the World

1905

Austin Harding established college marching band at U of IL

1907

MSNC formed from Keokuk Meeting

1910

Francis Elliott Clark introduced technology in the music classroom with the phonograph; Albert Mitchell forms violin classes in the US

1911

MSNC suggests credit hours for high school music courses

1913

Charles Farnsworth and Peter Dykema bring Dalcroze methods to the US

1917

Edgar Gordon used radio for statewide music program in WI

1918

Joseph Maddy made the first Supervisor of Instrumental Music

1920

Band contests established

1924

Carl Orff and Dorothea Günther formed the Günther-Schule; MSNC Instrumental Affairs Committee  repertoire list leads to standardization of band instrumentation

1926

Joseph Maddy formed the first National High School Orchestra

1928-1942

Walter Damrosch hosted NBC's Music Appreciation Hour

1934

MSNC changed to MENC

1939-1945

World War II

1936

Marguerite Hood started the Montana School of the Air

1929

First national orchestra contest held in Iowa City

1939

National contests suspended and never resumed

1919

Carl E. Seashore published Measures of Musical Talents (rev. 1938)

1920
1940

1948

Cold War

1944

William Revelli created instrumental music program (early BM) at U of MI

1954

Brown v. Board of Education

1957

Soviet Union launches Sputnik I

1958

National Defense Education Act enabled extra funding for music; American teachers exposed to Sinichi Suzuki's Talent Education via film;

1952

Regional contests eliminated and state contests become highest level of MENC events

1953

International Society for Music Education formed

1950-1953

Korean War

1964-1973

Vietnam War; Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts

1969

US launches Apollo 11; ARPANET invented

1964

Julliard Repertory Project; Suzuki demonstrated in the US

1959

Woods Hole Conference 

1959

 Young Composers Project founded

1963

Contemporary Music Project (ended 1973);

Yale Seminar; Comprehensive Musicianship (Seminar 1965, ended 1969)

ca. 1960-1970

Allen Britton, Charles Leonhard, and Bennett Reimer created aesthetic music education philosophies

1960

Jerome Bruner wrote The Process of Education, introducing spiral curriculum

1966-1970

Manhattanville Music Curriculum Project

1965

Elementary and Secondary Education Act funds low-income students/schools which benefits music education; National Endowment for the Arts founded

1967

Tanglewood Symposium

1968

Hawaiian Music Curriculum Program;

International Association for Jazz Education (ends 2008)

1969

Project GO! implemented Tanglewood

1960

1970

Bennett Reimer wrote A Philosophy of Music Education

1973

Alliance for the Arts

1972

Title XI of Education Ammendments

1975

Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1990 IDEA)

1975

El Sistema founded by José Antonio Abreu

1980

Edwin Gordon wrote Learning Sequences in Music, establishing Music Learning Theory

1980

1983

A Nation at Risk published

1994

National Standards for Music Education created by MENC

1989

Berlin Wall dismantled; end of Cold War; World Wide Web invented

1995

David Elliott wrote Music Matters: A New Philosophy of Music Education

1999

Vision 2020 Housewright Symposium reminiscent of Tanglewood

2000

2002

No Child Left Behind Act

2004

National Anthem Project

2007

MENC Centennial Declaration

2014

National Standards for Music Education revised

2015

Every Student Succeeds Act

2001

9-11 Bombing of the World Trade Center; beginning of US War on Terrorism

2008

Economic Recession

1978-Present

War in Afghanistan

1973

Mobile phone invented

References

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Bonds, M. E. (2013). A history of music in western culture (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.

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Feldman, E. & Contzius, A. (2016). Instrumental music  education: teaching with the musical and practical in harmony (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.

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Mark, M. L. (2008). A concise history of american music      education. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Education.

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